In perhaps the first long-term study of CO₂ fluxes in northern forests growing on permafrost, an Osaka Metropolitan University-led research team has found that climate change increased not only the sources of carbon, but also the CO₂ sinks.

The 20-year observation from 2003-2022 in the interior of Alaska showed that while CO₂ sinks turned into sources during the first decade, the second decade showed a nearly 20% increase in CO₂ sinks.

Graduate School of Agriculture Associate Professor Masahito Ueyama and colleagues found that warming led to wetness, which in turn aided the growth of black spruce trees. During photosynthesis, the growing trees were using the increasing CO₂ released from human activities.

“The 20 years of observational data that we have is, as far as we know, the longest record of such research on permafrost forests in the world,” Professor Ueyama proclaimed. “However, since it is difficult to apply the findings and data from those 20 years to a future world in which warming continues, further long-term observations are needed. But we hope that our findings will help verify and improve the accuracy of warming prediction models.”

The findings are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Competing Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interest.

Funding
This study was partially supported by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II), grant number JPMXD1420318865.

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