International Team Establishes First Definition of Positive Animal Welfare

An interdisciplinary team of scientists from 23 institutions across 15 countries has proposed a long-awaited definition of Positive Animal Welfare (‘PAW’). For decades, animal welfare science has largely focused on minimizing suffering. This pioneering paper breaks new ground by highlighting the importance of positive experiences and positive states for animals. The consensus reached by the team defines positive animal welfare as the animal flourishing through the experience of predominantly positive mental states and the development of competence and resilience. This novel definition lays the foundation for a richer, more comprehensive understanding of animal welfare. This effort is part of a European project called ‘LIFT, lifting farm animal lives’, funded by COST and regrouping over 330 scientists.

According to lead author Prof. Jean-Loup Rault from the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, "Positive Animal Welfare goes beyond good physical health and the alleviation of suffering. It is about promoting the ability of animals to flourish through rewarding experiences, choice, and the active pursuit of goals". It offers a different perspective on animal welfare and set higher standards. Providing positive welfare to animals could be encouraged by, for example, providing enough space for calves to play, as play can be deeply rewarding. Similarly, pigs housed with plenty of straw are more satisfied, as their natural motivation to explore is fulfilled.
This groundbreaking definition is expected to drive innovative research and better align animal care practices with societal expectations on how to keep and care for animals. As co-author Prof. Margit Bak Jensen notes, "This definition represents an important step towards a substantial improvement for the welfare of animals across farms, homes, and zoos." In short, the future of animal welfare has arrived, and it’s aiming for a good life.

The full paper is accessible at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2024.0382 (Rault J-L et al. 2025 A consensus on the definition of positive animal welfare. Biology Letters 21: 20240382).