EU citizens’ trust in the European Union has not been steadily increasing as hoped, as a result of past crises, according to a new study from the University of Surrey.
The paper, published in Contemporary European Studies, highlights a growing discontent among citizens in the continent, where trust levels in the Union have reached alarming lows following economic upheaval and political strife.
Researchers analysed Eurobarometer survey data from 2007 and 2018 and pinpointed the factors contributing to this crisis of confidence. The study examined citizen trust in various EU institutions, drawing comparisons across Eastern, Southern, and Western Europe. The research found that while the economic situation plays a critical role, the emotional attachment to the EU remains a significant determinant of trust. The southern member states, in particular, showed a unique pattern where national identity negatively impacted trust levels in the EU.
Dr Simona Guerra, the lead author of the study and Senior Lecturer in Comparative Politics at the University of Surrey said:
“The findings are a wake-up call for policymakers. As trust erodes, so does legitimacy, and we must act quickly to bridge the gap between citizens and the EU. It is vital to foster a sense of belonging and connection to the EU, especially in regions that feel left behind.”
The study highlights the stark reality that, previously, a lack of trust in national institutions often led citizens to seek solace in the EU. However, in the aftermath of economic crises in the continent, this relationship has shifted, with rising Euroscepticism threatening the very fabric of European unity.
The study advocates for a multi-faceted approach to rebuild trust, including enhancing communication about the benefits of EU membership, addressing economic disparities, and promoting a more inclusive narrative around European identity. This includes improving communication efforts to clearly articulate the tangible benefits of EU membership, such as economic stability, job creation, and access to a broader market. For instance, targeted campaigns could highlight successful EU-funded projects that have improved local infrastructure or boosted regional economies. Additionally, addressing economic disparities between member states can be achieved through equitable distribution of EU resources and support for struggling economies, thus fostering a sense of solidarity.
Dr Guerra continued:
“As the EU grapples with internal challenges and external pressures, understanding the dynamics of trust among its citizens is crucial for future policymaking. Without decisive action, the EU risks further alienating its citizens, ultimately jeopardising the future of European integration.”