New research by Loughborough University warns that global renewable electricity supply will be unable to meet the surging demand from digital data by 2025.

In a new paper, published in Energy Policy, Loughborough Business School academics Dr Vitor Castro and Professors Tom Jackson and Ian Hodgkinson present econometric models showing the world’s current trajectory towards a “data doomsday”.

Their research also forecasts that, based on current energy projections, global electricity supply will be unable to meet the surging demand from digital data within the next decade. Startlingly, if data consumption continues unabated, electricity demand driven by data could exceed global electricity production by 2033.

Digital data is generated by humans in every corner of the world and the creation and consumption of digital data is growing rapidly. Data centres alone consume more power than the entire UK and are estimated to contain 65% dark data – digital knowledge assets that are used once and then forgotten about.

The University’s Digital Decarb Design Group is calling for urgent action to address the environmental challenges posed by unchecked digital data growth.

Speaking about their latest findings, Dr Castro said: “Our research underlines the need for a data-centric sustainability approach across all supply chains, sectors, industries, and nations. Such measures are crucial to increase efficiency, cut energy usage, and transition towards a decarbonized digital ecosystem, thereby supporting the global pursuit of a sustainable, net-zero future.

“This isn’t just a technical challenge; it’s a societal imperative. We must shift from consumption-driven growth to sustainable practices that align digital advancements with ecological limits.”

The team’s forecast serves as a rallying call for policymakers, industry leaders, and the broader digital ecosystem to take immediate action, fostering policies that champion energy efficiency, reduced data waste, and a shift towards a greener digital infrastructure.

The paper, Digital Data Demand and Renewable Energy Limits: Forecasting the Impacts on Global Electricity Supply and Sustainability, is published by Energy Policy.